怎么查企业的注册商标_在国外怎么注册商标

企业字号的使用与商标权的限度有什么区别

商标专用权与企业名称字号权均是依法定程序获得确认的权利

　　商标专用权是申请人根据商标法的规定，在国家商标局注册取得。其权利内容包括使用权和禁用权。使用权是指权利人可以使用商标将自己的商品或者服务与他人的商品或者区别开来。按照我国《商标法》的规定，商标的禁用权是指商标经核准注册后，商标专用权人一方面有权禁止他人以相同或者近似的商标在相同或者类似的商品上注册；另一方面对未经许可、非法使用其注册商标可能导致相关公众混淆的，有权依法向工商行政管理部门或者人民法院请求责令侵权人停止侵权行为，赔偿损失

　　字号则是申请人根据《企业法人登记管理条例》，在各级工商行政管理部门登记取得。字号是企业名称组成中惟一可以自我命名和设定的部分，具有区分商品的制造者或服务提供者的显著特性，所彰示的是企业的商誉和社会形象。字号权人可以合法地使用其字号，也可以要求登记机关禁止同一辖区内的同行业企业使用该字号

　　字号权、注册商标专用权之间是平等、独立的，无权利强弱大小之分

　　两种平等的权利发生冲突时，一般认为应当依照诚实信用原则与保护在先权利原则处理，并非简单按照商标权优先于字号权处理。如最高人民法院《关于审理商标法民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第一条第一款规定：“将与他人注册商标相同或相近似的文字作为企业的字号在相同或者类似商品上突出使用，容易使相关公众产生误认的”构成商标侵权。该解释对商标权人行使商标禁用权设定了严格的条件：突出使用字号且易使相关公众产生误认

　　商标禁用权受到限制是因为商标权只是一种有限的垄断权利。商标的垄断权利不是绝对的，不能认为注册为商标的文字就成为商标权人的私产。权利人不能凭借其专用权而禁止他人将与注册商标相同的文字登记为字号，亦不能禁止他人正当地使用该字号。只有在他人不当地利用或攀附在先商标在消费者心目中的影响力和商业信誉，从而损伤或破坏商标的识别功能时，商标权人才可以禁止他人使用字号。换言之，只有消费者在字号与商标分别指向的经营主体、商品或者服务的来源之间产生或可能产生混淆时，才有禁止字号使用的必要。如果消费者不可能发生混淆，在现有法律框架下，则认为这种使用字号的行为属于正当使用，不构成商标侵权。商标对企业的重要性英语

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